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United States of America

September 13, 1856 – the game’s a Foote

One hundred and sixty nine years ago, on this day, September 13th, 1856,

Her article sparked interest and praise, notably in the 13 September issue of Scientific American magazine, in an article titled ‘Scientific ladies – experiments with condensed gases’: ‘Some have not only entertained, but expressed the mean idea, that women do not possess the strength of mind necessary for scientific investigation […] the experiments of Mrs Foote afford abundant evidence of the ability of woman to investigate any subject with originality and precision.’ https://www.chemistryworld.com/culture/eunice-foote-the-mother-of-climate-change/4011315.article#/

And

Scientific American 1856: Scientific Ladies - Experiments with Condensed Gases. | Hill Heat

The amount of carbon dioxide in the air was 285ppm. As of 2025, when this post was published, it is 430ppm. This matters because the more carbon dioxide in the air, the more heat gets trapped. The more heat, the more extreme weather events. You can make it more complicated than that if you want, but really, it’s not. Fwiw, I have a tattoo of the Keeling Curve on my left forearm.

The broader context was that the 19th century was kinda exciting for “science” (new word, only just taking over from “natural philosophy”).

The specific context was Eunice Foote was a campaigner for women’s suffrage, and a scientist.  

What I think we can learn from this – we could have done better as a species, but, well, here we are…

What happened next

Foote’s work specifically on climate was forgotten, but then rediscovered by retired petroleum geologist Ray Sorenson. In January 2011, in the American Association of Petroleum Geologists‘ on-line journal Search and Discovery he had this article.-: “Eunice Foote’s Pioneering Research On CO2 And Climate Warming

What do you think? Does this pass the ‘so what?’ threshold? Have I got facts wrong? Interpretation wrong? Please do comment on this post, unless you are a denialist, obvs.

Also on this day: 

September 13, 1661 – Fumifugium! – All Our Yesterdays

September 13, 1976 – US news broadcast on ozone and climate.

September 13, 1984 – unsettling Seattle workshop on sea level rise – All Our Yesterdays

September 13, 1992/1994- Scientists traduced, ignored

Categories
Science United States of America

August 23, 1856 –  Eunice Foote identifies carbon dioxide as greenhouse gas

On this day in 1856 American scientist and women’s rights campaigner Eunice Foote illustrated her findings in a paper entitled, “Circumstances affecting the heat of the sun’s rays,” which was accepted at the eighth annual American Association for the Advancement of Science meeting on August 23, 1856 in Albany, NY. Back in the day, what we now call carbon dioxide was known as carbonic acid…

See Alice Bell’s “Our Biggest Experiment” for more about Foote, and also the wikipedia entry linked to above…

On this day the atmospheric carbon dioxide was 285 ppm (see here).  Now it is 420ish- but see here for the latest.

As David Morrow usefully notes

“You can read more about the significance of Foote’s research in Raymond Sorenson’s 2011 article on Foote’s research and his 2018 addendum to it, as well as in Leila McNeill’s 2016 article on Foote’s discovery in Smithsonian Magazine.”

Why this matters. 

An interesting foote-note? (sorry, it was there, had to use it). Good for thinking with around (lack of) opportunities for women/amateurs.

What happened next?

John Tyndall wrote about this a few years later. Had he seen Foote’s work? We will never know. Maybe. Probably.