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United Kingdom

January 9, 1974  –   The UK sets up a “Department of Energy”

Fifty years ago, on this day, January 9, 1973, British Prime Minister Ted Heath sets up a Department of Energy.

On December 13th 1973, Prime Minister Edward Heath announced a 3-day working week to ration electricity use. Parliament was recalled on January 9th 1974 to hear that a new Department of Energy was being set up to co-ordinate the government’s response. However, the crisis brought down the government the following month. The incoming Labour government, under Harold Wilson, settled the miners dispute, and the new Energy Secretary, Eric Varley, ended the 3-day week on March 7th 1974.  Mallaburn & Nick Eyre (2014)

The amount of carbon dioxide in the air was roughly 329.3ppm. As of 2023 it is 419. .

The context was that what was to be the first of two “oil shocks” had begun in late 1973, with oil prices basically quadrupling in a very short period of time, after Middle-East oil extractors (they’re not ‘producers’!) imposed an embargo thanks to Western support for Israel in the ‘Yom Kippur’ War.

The “environment” had been considered important enough to have its own Department in 1970, and now it was the turn of “energy”.

What I think we can learn from this

When governments set up new departments, it can be a serious and long-lasting move, or it can be, well, the appearance of action. Even if they set it up for appearance sake, sometimes it creates new opportunities for an inconvenient rash of sanity to break out

What happened next

The oil price hike saw the end of the so-called thirty glorious years of “unproblematic” (ha ha) economic growth, followed by stagflation, all sorts of difficulties, the collapse of the Keynesian consensus.  And then, in the late 1970s, the coming of Thatcher and then 18 months later, of Reagan… as celebrated (? mourned?) in the REM song Ignoreland, of which more later.

What do you think? Does this pass the ‘so what?’ threshold? Have I got facts wrong? Interpretation wrong?  Do comment on this post.

References and See Also

Is The UK Heading For 1970s-Style Organised Blackouts?

https://www.huffingtonpost.co.uk/entry/uk-organised-blackouts-energy-gas-crisis-winter_uk_62f28115e4b0f9d8c020eb49

Categories
United Kingdom

December 9, 1974 – UK Department of Energy launches “energy efficiency” programme

On this day, December 9 in 1974, in the United Kingdom

“The Department of Energy launched a new energy efficiency programme on December 9th 1974, timed to reduce winter fuel use, but also anticipating a review by the House of Commons Science and Technology Select Committee (Patterson 1978; Anderson 1993)”

Mallaburn and Eyre, 2014

We have been at this “Energy Efficiency” thing (whether to save money or ‘save the planet’) for a long long time, with not all that much to show for it, once you take Jevons Paradox into account.  Oh well.

[The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere was 330ppm. At time of writing it was 419ishppm- but for what it is now,well, see here for the latest.]

The context was this – 

The first Oil Shock was shocking people and governments into “action” (or, at least, hand-wringing)

Why this matters. 

Energy efficiency – always the bridesmaid…

What happened next?

Stagflation, a second shock, neoliberalism and a collapse in the oil price – bye-bye renewables!!!  See you in another 30 years or so…

Categories
Science Scientists

April 2, 1979 – AAAS workshop in Anaheim begins…

On this day, April 2 1979. Yes, the same year, the American Association for the Advancement of Science started a four day workshop in Anaheim, Maryland. 

The following from the rather good recent Verso book “The Great Adaptation” helps set the scene

“The US Department of Energy was no longer willing to overlook the climate question. In collaboration with the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAA) the leading US scientific body and publisher of the journal Science, it financed a research programme on the social and economic impacts of climate change. Roger Revelle and Stephen Schneider were each involved in organising the programme, which in 1979 resulted in the first international conference dedicated to the social sciences of global warming. This seminar, held in Annapolis, Maryland, sought to bring together speialisgts in economic history, anthropology, economics and political science to think through the consequences of global warming and the responses it demanded: Schneider, Revelle, Kellogg, Orr Roberts, Kenneth Hare and Crispin Tickell all took part…”

(Felli, 2015/2021: p44)

Why this matters. 

Again? I keep banging on about the late 1970s. There’s a method to my madness, which you’ll hopefully read about in a gasp yes, book at some point. 

What happened next?

More studies, but then basically, with the coming of the Reagan administration in 1981, the funding dried up, and Reagan appointees tried, for a few years, at least, to silence the climate scientists. See, for example, what happened to James Hansen in 1981 after his front page story in the New York Times. By the mid-80s, this became much harder, and eventually they had to move to plan B…